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The Epic Interactive Enc…lopedia of the Paranormal
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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia of the Paranormal (1997).iso
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werewolves]_lycanthropy
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1992-09-02
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Before we take a look at it, we should be aware that the word
"lycanthropy" is generally taken to have two quite distinct meanings,
although the two arc related. A werewolf - that is, someone who quite
literally turns into a wolf or wolf-like creature, and back again - may
be termed a lycanthrope (as may be, by extension, a person who can
transform into any othcr animal); but the word can be applied also to
those who suffer from a rare (but not exceptionally rare) mental
illness which causes them to believe that they have undergone the
transformation. As we shall see, the distinction may well be a false
one. Werewolves share with vampires many of the classic characteristics
of folkloric monsters. They, too, are capable of shapeshifting,
obviously, and equally obviously they use their supernaturally augmented
strength to overpower and devour their victims. The similarity of
characteristics is far from merely a coincidence: it would seem likety
that, early on, popular conceptions about vampires were grafted on to
the dread felt towards wolves, a dread that was very real, and far from
foolish, among the peasantry of medieval Europe. Certainly the two
varieties of monster were bound together in dose association in numerous
different beliefs as to their natural history. According to one school
of thought, werewolves, on death became vampires. According to another,
vampires and werewolves were distinct creatures but the two species
practised a sort of social symbiosis: werewolves, in this scheme, were
not shapeshifters but wolf-like creatures with some human
characteristics; vampires, on the other hand, could alter their
appearance so as to live undetected among human societies, their
contribution to the blood-thirsty partnership being to befriend isolated
humans and lure them off to solitude in the forest, where both species
could indulge in feasting.
PICTURE(01) A werewolf fleeing with the child it has snatched; a drawing
by the 15th/16th-century German artist Lucas Cranach.
PICTURE(02) This engraving shows the children of Gevaudan gallantly
fighting off the beast when it attacked them.
PICTURE(03) A 16th-century German illustration showing a werewolf
setting about its victim in full public view.